Radiation

AST1440 辐射转移基础与习题 1.1–1.4 总结

Concepts, derivations, and a review of radiative transfer, Rybicki & Lightman §§1.1–1.4, and Problems 1.1–1.4.

AST1440：电子散射、爱丁顿光度与强磁场

Derivations of electron scattering and the Thomson cross section, radiation force and Eddington luminosity, and corrections from strong magnetic fields, beaming, and accretion columns.

AST1440 热辐射与观测：课堂笔记及习题 1.3、1.5、1.6 详解

AST1440 notes on thermal equilibrium, the Planck spectrum, radiation thermodynamics, brightness temperature, and observational sensitivity, with detailed worked problems.

AST1440 Einstein 系数与吸收、发射线：RL §1.6 及习题 1.7–1.9 详解

A detailed guide to two-level atoms, Einstein coefficients, absorption and emission lines, isothermal transfer, P Cygni profiles, and Problems 1.7–1.9.

AST1440 散射、随机游走与辐射扩散：RL §1.7–1.8 及习题 1.10 详解

A detailed guide to scattering source functions, mean free paths and random walks, the thermalization length and effective optical depth, Rosseland diffusion, the Eddington and two-stream approximations, and the complete solution to Problem 1.10.

AST1440 电磁波、冷等离子体色散与脉冲延迟：RL §2.1–2.3、§8.1 及习题 2.2、8.1、8.2 详解

A systematic derivation of cold-plasma dispersion, phase and group velocities, pulsar dispersion delays, complex refractive index, and absorption, beginning with Maxwell's equations and plane electromagnetic waves, with detailed solutions to RL Problems 2.2, 8.1, and 8.2.

AST1440 偏振、Faraday 旋转、等离子体折射与闪烁：RL §2.4、§8.1–8.2 及习题 8.3 详解

A detailed guide to the polarization ellipse and Stokes parameters, cold-plasma dispersion, circular birefringence and Faraday rotation in a magnetized plasma, RM and DM, plasma refraction and scintillation, with the full solution to Problem 8.3 and an appendix on unit systems.